下面句中的不定式为何用了被动式?
Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?
句子里的不定式 to be taken 为何用被动式呢?假如说 anything 是逻辑主语,它和不定式之间是被动关系的话就用了被动的话,我能举出反例。如:
I still have a cake to eat.
蛋糕和吃之间也应该是被动关系,为何不需要被动式呢?还是说这种不定式当定语的状况下,用不需要被动无所谓,都对呢?
向老师求教一下,都有什么语法会涉及到逻辑主语呢?这块我学的比较糊涂。谢谢专家。
have sth to do与have sth to be done都可以说,但有不同:
▲若不定式所表示的动作由句子主语完成,则不定式作主动式,即用have sth to do。如:
I have a few letters to write.我有几封信要写。(to write由I完成)
We have a lot of work to do.大家有很多工作要做。(to do由we完成)
I want something to drink.我想喝点什么。(to drink由I完成)
I want to get something to read.我想找点东西阅读。(to read由I完成)
▲若不定式所表示的动作由不是句子主语完成,则不定式作被动式,即用have sth to be done。比较:
I have something to type.我有的东西要打。
I have something to be typed.我有的东西要打。
▲比较并领会下面的句子:
Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything to take to your son?你要去北京吗?你有哪些东西要带给你儿子吗?(to take to your son由句子主语you完成)
I’m going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me.下个星期我要去北京,我随身要带不少东西去。(to take with me由句子主语I完成)
I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?我下个星期要去北京,你有哪些东西要带给你儿子的吗?(句中的to be taken用了被动式而没用主动式,缘由就是“带”这个动作不是句子主语you去完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的)