Passage Fifteen
The statistics Ive cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively1 for advancement2 of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience, She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice3 Presidents Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.
She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined4 to be.
Her forerunner5 was the radical6 feminist7 who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence9 of never looking beneath the pretensions10 of life.
The radical feminists11 found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant12, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence13 that aroused and intrigued14 many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreamsand the two were often found in direct conflict.
What is the stereotyped15 role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling16, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics17. Perhaps an occasional cocktail18 party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectationsunless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable19 question: Is that all there is to life?
The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests20 to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine Ms. was born in the year of the death of the magazine Life. But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist21.
It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence22, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful.
1. What was the main idea of this passage?
[A]. The Second Wave of Feminist. [B]. Womens Independent Spirits.
[C]. The Unity8 of Women. [D]. The Action of Union.
2. What was the authors attitude toward the radical?
[A]. He supported it wholeheartedly. [B]. He opposed it strongly.
[C]. He disapproved23 to some extent. [D]. He ignored it completely.
3. What does the word militant mean?
[A]. Aggressive. [B]. Ambitions. [C]. Progressive. [D]. Independent.
4, What was the radical feminists view point about the male?
[A]. Women were exploited by the male.
[B]. Women were independent of the male.
[C]. Womens lives were deprived by the male.
[D]. The male were their common enemy.
Vocabulary
1. trapped 被诱入圈套的，陷阱
2. servile 屈从的，奴隶的，奴性的
3. dehumanized 使失去人/个性的
4. pretension 需要，权利，借口
5. look beneath 看到下面
6. band together 紧密团结在一块
7. explore 探索，考察
8. phase 阶段，方面，形式
9. class-warfare 阶级斗争
10. hammer home 硬性灌输
hammer home an idea into sb. 硬向某人灌输某种观念
11. intrigue 使着迷，秘密谋划，用诡计获得
12. stereotype 固定不变的，陈规旧习的
13. attest 证明，证实，表明
14. chauvinist 沙文主义者，男子至上主义这
15. moderation （政治，宗教上）稳健中庸，缓和
16. fulfillment 臻于健全，发挥潜在能力
17. sexism 性别歧视（常指其实妇女）
18. be independent of 独立于以外，不受控制/支配
难句译注
1. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice Presidents Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.
这是作者杜撰的名字，含有讽刺内涵。Mr. Seldom Seen 极少见到的先生。说明公司非常难见到他。那样做他的助手就是她替他干所有活。星期五女孩。星期五是《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的一个人物，是鲁滨逊的仆人。这位星期六休假日来上班的女孩，当然得干主人的所有活。
[参考译文] 她不会认可做极少见先生的助手，也不愿做助理副主席的星期五女孩，那位女孩是唯一的一个星期六来上班的人。
2. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society.
[结构简析] she believed 形式上插入语，实质 Men 句是它的宾语从句。In order that 义：为的是。目的状语。
[参考译文] 她觉得男性为妇女创制了一个持家操劳的奴隶角色，为的是男性可以获得事业和机会参与决定重大的社会抉择。
3. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.
[结构简析] 两句句子。前一句的宾语为主从句，后为并列句。
[参考译文] 于是，激进女权主义者觉得综观历史，妇女一直是被压迫被奴役，被非人化，重要原因就是由于男性就是想剥削他的老婆，孩子们的妈妈。有时是有意的剥削；有时是因为没透过生活的假象看到问题的实质，是无知所致。
4. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country.
[参考译文] Betty Friedan， Gloria Steinem，Germaine Greer，与其他很多激进女权主义者坚持不懈的强行灌输（推行）他们的思想，幻想并吸引了国内无数最聪容，最能干的妇女。
写作办法与文章大意
文章论述争取女权运动的妇女，也可以说是女权运动的第二次浪潮。作者从历史上的女权运动激进分子看法谈起：妇女为男性所奴役，剥削。由于男的想独揽决策社会的大权，到女子觉醒，认识自己和我们的力量，把男性视作她们一同的敌人。最后是现在向缓冲进步的趋势，也是作者看法。
答案祥解
1. A. 第二次女权运动的浪潮。在第一段，通常性描述之后（见难句译注1），作者画龙点睛的指明她就是我所指的第二次女权运动浪潮的象征。她是决心要成为的现代妇女的代表。未来的文章就是围绕女权运动而写的。见文章大意。
B. 妇女的独立精神。这只不过女权运动中部分内容。 C. 妇女团结。第三段刚开始就提到激进女权主义者发现了紧密团结在一块的力量。也是女权运动的部分内容。
D. 团结运动。
2. C. 有点不赞成。这在最后两段表现的最为明显：很多女权运动组织飞速进步证明这类激进争取女权的人触到了某些活跃的神经。（很活跃）。 Ms 杂志就在《生活》停刊那年诞生。可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这类活动的目的。性别歧视（歧视妇女）也常常颠倒过来并且倡导憎恨男性。很多人曾是男权至上主义者。因此，知道向平和中的趋向进步并不难。提升觉悟的做法愈加被觉得是独立与收获的方法，而不是庆贺收获本身的仪式。真的的独立是可以通过能力，通过探寻一份事业，通过应用教育加以达成。要记住，几十年来，妇女教育被觉得是无用的。若是倒数第二段是作者对激进分子有点批评，不满的态度的表现，那样最后一段就是作者的看法：独立是靠塌实工作，提升妇女自己的能力来达成的。
A. 他全心全意的拥护。 B. 他强烈反对。不完全这样。 D. 他完全忽略不考虑。
3. A. 好斗的。（斗争性强的）。第三段第三句：在近期5年中女权运动最重要方面常常具备这种好斗的阶级斗争调子。
B. 野心的。 C. 进步的。 D. 独立的。
4. D. 男性是她们一同的敌人。第三段：激进女权运动分子在紧密团结中找到了力量。首次她们认识了自己，她们可以探索自我，意识到她们的力量，把男性及其规范视为她们一同的敌人。
A. 妇女为男性们所剥削。这在第三段中讲到，见难句译注3。这是妇女看法中具体内容之一。也是为何说男性及规范是她们一同敌人是什么原因之一。 B. 妇女不受男性支配。 C. 男性剥夺了女性生活。
