请问老师,在这个问题中(http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-25604.html),你提到的最后一句话(只有静态动词的系表结构才大概用being done的形式作状语,此时,being的省略比不省略更为容易见到。)好像和你前文举的being watched的例子相矛盾?由于watch不是静态动词,却用了being done的结构做状语。请问是不是动态动词可用beingdone的结构做状语,这种形式表达何种含义呢?万望老师解答。
你读我的这段话时,没和前面一句连起来读。我是在说静态动词的being done形式是目前分词被动语态,还是系表结构的目前分词,不涉及动态动词。
大家了解,静态动词表示状况,静态动词本身没结束意义。因此静态动词的过去分词也只表示被动意义,未完成(结束)意义。过去分词表示的转态一直和谓语时间具备同时性。当静态动词的过去分词作非谓语成分(状语、定语、表语)的时候,没必要用目前分词被动语态来强调与谓语动作的同时性,只用过去分词即可。比如:
She is a teacher loved by all her students. 定语
The village is surrounded by mountains. Surrounded by mountians, the village looks very beautiful. 状语。being为系词。
动态动词则不然。及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成的双重意义。动态动词的目前分词doing形式表示主动和同时的双重意义。假如状语的动作既是被动的,又是与谓语动作同时的,则需要用目前分词的被动语态来表示既被动又同时的意义。比如:
Beaten by his father, the boy has blue marks on his buttocks. 挨揍已经结束。
Being beaten by his father, the boy screamed loudly. 正在挨揍。
Being watched by so mamy people, she felt very nervouse. 正被注视着。