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雅思段落匹配的方法

来源:www.zcbszs.com 2024-09-01

雅思段落匹配的技巧

雅思段落匹配的方法。雅思段落信息匹配题对于同学们来讲一直一个解决不了的难题。过去,因为段落信息匹配题既浪费时间又费力,而且不常出现,不少老师常常一语带过,并没进行详细解释说明。下面是记者收拾的雅思段落匹配方法的有关文章,期望能帮到你!

雅思阅读段落信息匹配题分析

题型介绍

READING PASSAGE 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures

2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendar in farming communities

3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock

4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time using uniform hours

依据以上例题可知,段落信息匹配题的出题形式为:给出几个信息,需要同学们在文章找到该信息的出处。

该题有以下几个特征:

1. 给出的信息为文中的细节

2. 题目是文章句子的高度赞同替换,极少出现与文中重复的字眼

3. 题目不遵循“顺序原则”

4. 题目有时会出现提示:NB You may use any letter more than once.加强知道题困难程度。

总结以上四点,大家可以得出该题型的难题:定位困难。因此,这种题型非常难像其他题型一样画出关键字到文中定位,所以需要不一样的解题思路。

解题思路

1. 研读题目,划出题目中的关键字,关键字不可以为这篇文章所讨论的名词。譬如说文章讨论的是“水”,那样就不可以以题目中的“水”作为关键字。

2. 携带关键字浏览文章。浏览文章时无需弄懂每句话的意思,主如果探寻跟所画关键字为赞同替换的词句。第二,通过浏览文章大概理解文章的思路和内容

3. 文章浏览一遍后,大概能做出50%的题目。对于剩下的题目,通过关键字联想其可能所在的段落,缩小排查范围,然后到目的段落里仔细探寻答案。

例题解说

下面大家用《剑桥雅考虑试全真考试试题集8》Test 1 阅读部分的Passage 1作为例题,来解说具体的解题办法。

文章标题:A chronicle of timekeeping

文章大意:计时器编年体

题目:READING PASSAGE 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures

2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendar in farming communities

3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock

4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time using uniform hours

解题步骤:

1. 第一阅读题目,确保没出现“每一个段落可重复选择”的提示。

2. 画出题目中的关键字。大伙可以注意到题目基本为同一种格式“the/a + 抽象名词+ of + 短句”,题目中的抽象名词同学们是可以忽视的,即一般不作为关键字,重点在“of”后面的内容。第一道题的关键字为“early timekeeping”和“cold temperatures”;第二道题的关键字为“geography”和“farming communities”;第二道题的关键字为“origins”和“pendulum clock”;第四道题的关键字为“different societies”和“using uniform hours”。

雅思阅读段落标题配对题应付六方案

雅思阅读中遇见段落标题配对这种题型时该怎么样作答?雅考虑试网记者提醒:大家不可以一味单纯地从探寻主题句出发,只有熟知其可能出现的各种特殊状况,在方案上做出相对应的调整,大家才大概灵活自如地提升正确率。

一般在解答雅思阅读中段落标题配对这种题型时,不少考生习惯于机械地通过阅读每个段落的首句,第二句或者最后一句来探寻每个段落的主题句,即该段中总结概括段落大意或中心思想的句子。

然而,在全方位剖析完剑桥雅思全真考试试题集1-6中所有网站收录的段落标题配对题后,笔者发现,绝大多数此类题的正确答案确实可以通过确定主题句获得,但有的段落安排与正确选项的总结并没考生期待得那样简单。粗略总结一下,大致有以下几个特殊性。本文将从这类特殊段落的特征出发,举实例来具体剖析其应付方案。

特征1:段落内容均为举例

方案:略读举例内容,大致知道举例目的,并将它与选项进行对照,与举例目的表达相同看法的选项即为正解。

例: The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discosplay and shopping malls…; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex compete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan…

剖析:非常明显,此段没所谓的主题句,而是以Europe, Canada 与Tokyo为例.在迅速看完举例部分后,大家不难总结出,举例的目的是要说明世界各地正着手开发包含地下城市,地下诊所,地下舞厅和地下购物中心在内的多元化地下服务设施。而这一看法正好跟选项Developing underground services around the world 相吻合。

特征2:段落本身有主题句,但正确选项并未依据主题句总结

方案:继续读主题句后面部分的内容,即扩展句部分,正确选项总是就是对扩展句具体涉及内容的概括。

例: There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved… An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill …

剖析:不难看出,划线的句子作为本段的首句,具备概括性,实为主题句。假如正确选项是依据此句来总结的话,那理应包括advantages 或是同样表示优势、优点、长处的其它词。可事实是,所给选项中没一项涉及此类词。单纯找主题句看来对于这个段落已不适用。继续往后读,大家发现,后面部分其实是对地下住宅所拥有的优点的进一步举例讲解。列举数字无非是要说明地下住宅节省土地和空间;而以Carpenter这个地下住宅居住者为例,就是要说明这种住宅既省钱又节能。由此,答案锁定为Demands on space and energy are reduced.

特征3:段落中涉及多个看法内容

方案:正确答案常常依据段落中所占篇幅较多或作者要强调的看法来总结

例: Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid distinguishing or threatening a beautiful or ‘environmentally sensitive’ landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land - such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.

剖析:此段总共包括两个句子,但各句表明不一样的看法。前者觉得修建大型地下建筑可以防止破坏城市风景,而后者则强调不少建筑由于无需窗户可以被建在地下。 Indeed的出现,正好表明本段的重点是要突出强调后者看法,即有的建筑无需窗户。所以毫无疑问地选择 Some buildings do not require natural light。

特征4:比较关系出目前句中

方案:忽视作为参照物的前者,后者才是作者真的要说明的看法

例: Working Germans are particularly vulnerable, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

剖析:此段两句以by comparison 衔接,同时也体现了前后两者的比较关系。以working Germans 作为参照物,本段真的的目的在于表明后者,即那些失业职员在星期一患心脏病的机率并不比其它任何一天高。所以正确答案为Jobless but safer。

特征5:转折、让步关系出目前句中

方案:忽视让步状语从句内容,重点关注转折部分,即but 或however等表示转折关系的连接词后面的内容。

例: The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study coordinated by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more tan 2,600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

剖析:but的出现引导大家关注其后面所要表明的内容。又由于段落标题配对是对段落大意的概括,所以在理解转折部分的内容时,大家仅需把握住句子的主干就能了。由此,依据主干a study revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day 研究显示普通人在星期一患心脏病的比率比其它任何一天高出百分之二十, 大家选择选项 High-risk Monday。

特征6:表达相同含义的词或短语相继出目前段落各句中

方案: 探寻含有高频词语的选项

例: … If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025…While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflicts. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water … there is now talk of water being the new oil.

剖析:本段各句中都涉及水资源的短缺,有关词语分别为:without fresh water, scarcity of water, a shortage of water 与 water being the new oil。依据词义对应选项,得出正解为 shortage of water。

总之,在应付段落标题配对题时,大家不可以一味单纯地从探寻主题句出发,只有熟知其可能出现的各种特殊状况,在方案上做出相对应的调整,大家才大概灵活自如地提升正确率。

雅思阅读段落主题迅速定位如何做

雅思阅读中段落主题句出现得最多的地方就是段首。

英语文章中最多的就是演绎型的写法,由于西方人喜欢单刀直入,所以他们常常在雅思阅读文章中每一段的第一句话就先交代出这段话的主旨。这是最简单的,也是最容易见到的主题句地方,如下面这个例子:

As a child grows up,he learns how to behave in ways that is appropriate tothe society into which he is born. That is to say,he acquires the patterns ofbehavior that are accepted as normal in his society. This process of sociallearning is generally referred to as socialization. By socialization,then,wemean the process whereby individuals learn the rules,values and practices of thesociety in which they live.

上面这段话中的第一句就是对整体段落大意的一个介绍;从第二句话中的“That is tosay”可以看出来,第二句话是对第一句话的讲解;第三句话中的“Thisprocess”也是代指的前一句话中的学习,成熟过程。而最后一句话也是对社会化的一个讲解,所以也可以确定第一句话就是段落的主题句。

除去第一句以外,主题句也会出目前阅读文章段第一置的第二句。那什么时间会出现这样的情况呢?分成三种状况:

当首句是问句时;

当首句是过渡句时;

当次句为转折句时。

在这类状况下,第二句话都会比第一句话更要紧,所以主题句也更可能出目前第二句话中。比如下面这句话:

What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic?Otherfactors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. Inthe 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist,Dr Paul Broca,made theremarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a resultof a stroke in the brain) had paralysis of the right halfof their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls theright half of the body,and vice versa,the brain damage must have been inthe brain's left hemisphere,Psychologists now believe that among right handedpeople,probably 95 percent have their language centre in the lefthemisphere,while 5 percent have right-sided language.

第一句话提问:“假如不止是基因叫人们习惯于用左手,那还有哪些缘由呢?”大家能预测出,下面这段话应该就会给大家介绍除去基因以外的其他缘由。正好第二句话说:“其他的原因也起到了用途,研究者将线索转向人类大脑方面。”所以能确定,所谓的“其他缘由”就是指的“人类大脑”,所以主题句也就是第二句话。

另外一个常出现段落主题句的地方则是段尾。

这种现象常出目前总结型的文章里。所谓总结型,则是先陈述现象,最后总结规律。因此这种的文章一般会出现一些总结性的词:Therefore/ Hence/Thus/ So/ Consequently/ Accordingly/ As a result/ As aconsequence;或者会出现一些研究报告类的词组The research findings/ the study/ the investigation/the analysis/ the evidences show/ reveal/ imply/ indicate/ suggest/ demonstrate/ prove that…;甚至有些会直接出现总结型主题句:In short/ In general/ All in all/ To sum up/ Insummary/ On the whole…大家一块剖析下面这个例句:

The only species which demonstrated near normal productivitywas Cassin's Auklet,in which the value for 1998 exceeded the long-termmean by 16 percent. However, given that very few Cassin's Auklets attempted tobreed,island-wide offspring production was extremely low. Inshort,these observations were quite similar,with slight variations,toobservations made on the Farallon seabird community in other severe E1 Ninoyears.

在这段话的第一句中,大家就发现了刚刚总结过的一个关键字“demonstrated”,但大家不难发现,这个地方是“demonstrated”是是which这个定语从句中的,所以不是对整段话,甚至整篇文章的总结。所以排除去第一句话是主题句的可能性。第二句出现了转折,那大家又了解转折句后面的一定比前面要紧,所以接着往下看这句话。但,看完这句话之后,大家不难发现,最后一句话用了一个总结型的句子:“Inshort”,所以一下就能确定该段话的主题句就是最后一句话。

学会好这类判断主题句的办法能帮大家更快地确定雅思阅读段落主题,并节省雅思阅读时间,有更多精力放在做题上。在雅思阅读中能迅速地帮大家解答的配对题,主旨题等!期望广大考生也能积极总结积累,不断进步。

浅谈段落标题匹配题的处置

段落标题匹配题又被叫做List of headings,在雅思阅读中永远坐落于文章之前,题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是不同的。环球教育建议考生在处置此类题型时可以使用以下的步骤来帮助解题。

第一步,浏览文章的大标题、副标题和图片,这么做的目的是对于文章有一个基本的认识。

第二步, 划掉示例中的选项。由于例子中的选项不可能再被重复用。

第三步, 阅读所有选项,标出关键字。这一步尤为重要,可以提升阅读时的敏锐度。在划关键字的过程中同时应该注意甄别干扰选项,其中大家遇见两种容易见到的干扰选项有:

a. 与主题大相径庭

b.一组相似选项

例 出处:剑 3 Test 2 Passage 2

相似选项 : ii. The environmental impact of modern farming

iii. farming and soil erosion

vii. farming and food output

在这三个选项中同时出现了farming,所以学生在划关键字时要特意注意每一个选项剩下来的部分,譬如ii选项强调的是environmental impact,iii是soil erosion,vii是food output。

第四步,略读文章段落,开始解题。注意大家需要特别关注的中心句可能出现的几处地方:

a.中心句在第一句

绝大部分的英语文章均使用演绎法 来写,这时,判断的规范就是看第二句话是不是是支持细节。支持细节常常会有以下特点:

a)有举例信号词:For example, for instance, sometimes, often 等。

b)有专有名词,如人名、地名等。

c) 首句有there be 句型。

d)当段落首句出现由下列动词引导的宾语从句时 Show, suggest , believe, find, reveal, indicate

例 The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. ….

Answer: Governments and management of the environment

b.中心句在第二句或后半句

这样的情况总是是因为第一句是让步句、过渡句或者是介绍句致使的。让步句的容易见到信号词有:although/though, while, in spite of/ despite 等;过渡句容易见到的信号词有: not only…but also… 。

例An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice. Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of civilizations until the twentieth century. …

Answer: undeveloped for centuries

考生应该注意由于第二句出现了让步信号词:Despite the fact ,所以大家的中心句落到了第二点。答案的undeveloped正是同义替换了remained a relatively minor artefact of civilizations这个部分。

c.中心句在转折信号词后

这样的情况一般是因为作者之前陈述的看法是不正确的,因此作者推翻之前的结论,而新的结论就在转折词之后。这种转折词有 however, but 和 instead 等。

例 In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries… However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher.

Answer: Increases in travelling time

考生应该注意虽然段首句说的是时间稳定,但在转折信号词:however之后,时间变成了far higher,所以答案同义替换成incereases in time。

d. 中心句在分散在段落中

有的段落的段落大意仅依据一句话并不可以看出来,需要抓住文章中的两句甚至几句中心句。这种段落总是会有并列结构,如 also, in addition, furthermore 等。

例Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world’s fresh water, so improvements in irrigation can make the greatest impact. … After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of water…

Answer: The thirsty sectors

考生应该注意段首句只提到了农业用水最多,但在并列连接词:after agriculture过渡将来,这句话提到了工业用水第二多,所以答案:thirsty指代的是两句话用水多的状况,sector是指农业和工业。

e.中心句在段落末句

这样的情况在雅思阅读中并不多见,由于西方人写文章时较少用总结法 。假如一个段落开头就开始举例,中间也没任何表达作者主旨的内容, 那样就要考虑末句了。

例 From this point of view, scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than a way of carrying it out.

Answer: How research is done and how it is reported

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