很多同学在学英语时都感觉语法困难,想要提高成绩,打好语法基础必不可少!新东方在线整理2025年6月英语四级语法:动词不定式做定语的使用方法,供各位考生参考。
2025年6月英语四级语法:动词不定式做定语的使用方法
修饰主语不定式
A:表示一种将要发生动作且是被动
The car to be bought is for his sister.
The car which will be bought is for his sister.
B: 表示一种将要发生动作且是主动
The person to meet you at the railway station is called Jack.
=The person who will meet you at the railway station is called Jack.
C:表示一种正在发生动作且是主动
The boy to be sleeping in the room is my younger brother.
=The boy who is sleeping in the room is my younger brother.
D:表示已经事先已经完成了动作
The building to have been built is our teaching building.
=The build which has been built is our teaching building.
E:表示从过去到目前一直都进行的动作
The person to have been watching TV in the room is my father.
=The person who has been watching TV in the room is my father.
修饰表语的不定式
A:
She is always the first person to come and the last person to leave.
B:表示一种已经完成动作
He was the first person to arrive .
=He was the first person who arrived.
修饰宾语的不定式
A:
I have three letters to post this afternoon .
B:
I have three letters to be posted this afteroon.
C:He need something to eat .
备注:关于修饰宾语的不定式有以下几种状况
假如不定式为不及物动词需要带上相应介词
He needs a pen to write with
We need to find a house to live in
假如修饰为time, way, place可以省略相应介词
He can’t find a place to live
假如不定式为主动,则不定式逻辑主语为句子主语
She has two children to take care of .
假如不定式为被动,则不定式逻辑主语不是句子主语
She has two children to be taken care of .
不定式作定语的使用方法:
不定式做定语一般要放在被修饰的词后。比如:
I have some books for you to read.我有一些书给你看。
We have a lot of homework to do today.今天大家有不少作业要做。
He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没信守按期给爸爸妈妈写信的诺言。
注意:a.作定语的不定式若是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作 的地址、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。比如:
He is looking for a room to live in.他在找房屋住。
There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担忧的。
Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把刀用。
但,不定式所修饰的名词是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。比如:
He had no money and no place to live.他没钱,也没房屋住。
b.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既能够用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:
Have you anything to send? 你有哪些东西要寄吗?
Have you anything to be sent? 你有哪些要寄的东西吗?
c.下列词汇后常接不定式作定语:chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他一直第一个到,最后一个走。
I have a lot of work to do.
怎么分辨不定式作定语、宾补还是状语:
目前,很多网友和英语学习者,对这个问题有的模糊不清,大家有必要澄清一下。请对比以下三个句子:
1. This is the key to open the front door.
2. I expect my key to open that lock.
3. He used his key to open the door.
句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人觉得它是目的状语,这是不对的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。由于key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,需要拥有上述需要才能。除去expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看着与句2很相似,但正是因为两个谓语动词的性质不同,才出现了两种不一样的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door没有逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,未必非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
除此之外,不定式还可作结果状语或缘由状语。
在英语中,状语是一个很庞大的句子成分,其主要用途是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地址、方法、频率,程度、缘由、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等每个方面。可以如此说,但凡修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有不少,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪大家称它是adverb了。
不定式做补语、状语、定语有什么区别:
在I need some water to make tea.中,不定式to make tea做目的状语,而不是定语或宾补。由于该动作由主语 “I”发出,而非water;在She needs some time to get over.中,不定式to get over也是做目的状语,而不是定语或宾补。由于该动作也是由主语 “She”发出,而非time;两个例句中,都是动词不定式做目的状语,没做宾补或定语的状况。
名词之后的动词不定式,大概作三种句子成分:定语、宾补、状语。那样,如何分辨不定式作定语、宾补或状语呢?有些网友对这个问题可能模糊不清。重点问题要看:不定式所表达的动作与句子主语的逻辑关系,与与之前名词的逻辑关系。请对比以下三个句子:
1. This is the key to open the front door.
2. I expect the key to open the front door.
3. He used the key to open the front door.
句1:to open the front door作定语,the key是其逻辑主语。从意思上看,“打开前门”是“钥匙”自己的行为,是一种主谓关系,毫无疑问作定语。但有人觉得它是目的状语,这显然是不对的,由于状语是修饰谓语动词的,它不可能修饰系动词is。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
句2:open the front door是宾补,补充说明the key,所以the key是其逻辑主语。由于key是谓语动词expect的宾语,而跟不定式是主谓关系,所以叫做宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,需要拥有上述需要才能。除去expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
句3:to open the front door才是目的状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。这个句子看着与句2很相似,但正是因为两个谓语动词的性质不同,才出现了两种不一样的成分。在这个句子中,to open the front door是主语He发出的,the key跟 to open the front door没有逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used the key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,未必非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
刚刚讨论的是,如何分辨不定式作定语、宾补、状语与逻辑主语的问题。下面剖析一下,不定式作定语时跟逻辑主语的关系。
Mary was the first girl to work out the problem.
John said he had an important meeting to attend.
Reading, I think, is the best way to learn English.
以上三句,虽然都是不定式作定语,但之间的关系却不尽相同。
第一句the first girl和to work out the problem 是“主谓关系”。
第二句attend 作了meeting的定语,它们是“动宾关系”。
第三句 the best way 和to learn English 是一种“所属关系”。
这种名词容易见到的还有:way, plan, chance, decision, effort, opportunity, ability, idea, feeling, right, reason, promise, wish, hope, time, wish等。
以上就是新东方在线大学英语四级语法频道给大伙收拾的“2025年6月英语四级语法:动词不定式做定语的使用方法”内容,期望可以给大伙备考带来帮助。