用英语表示“越狱”时,表示“狱”的 jail, gaol, prison 前要用冠词吗?
▲表示监狱的的 jail, gaol, prison 前用不需要冠词,与 school, bed, church 等名词是不是用冠词道理是一样的,主要看它表示什么:若表示建筑物,是可数名词,依据需要可以用冠词;若表示其功能或用途,则一般不需要冠词。如:
1. The building was like a prison in appearance. 这座建筑的外观像监狱。(指建筑物,可数)
2.He was thrown into prison and left to rot. 他被关进监牢任其苟延残喘。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不需要冠词)
3.He was immediately seized and thrown into prison. 他非常快被抓获并被关进监狱。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不需要冠词)
4.He says he’ d rather go to prison than pay the fine. 他说他宁可蹲监狱也不愿交罚款。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不需要冠词)
▲用英语表示“越狱”时,表示“狱”的 jail, gaol, prison 前面原则上用冠词。如:
1.She busted out of prison. 她越狱了。
2.Their attempt to break out of prison was foiled. 他们越狱的企图成为泡影。
3.She was shot while trying to escape from prison. 她企图越狱时中了一枪。
4.A notorious criminal escaped from prison. 一个臭名昭著的罪犯越狱逃走了。
5.Before sentence was passed, Mr Mills escaped from jail. 在宣判前,米尔斯先生越狱了。
6.Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor’s edge, terrified of recapture. 汤姆越狱后,时时如惊弓之鸟, 生怕第三被捕。
▲但事实上,有时也真可见到一些表示“越狱”的例子中在 jail, gaol, prison 前用了冠词的,但此时多半是由于其语境是“明确的”——譬如那些被叫做“囚犯”“罪犯”等的坏人从“监狱”逃走,显然就是“越狱”。如:
1.Three prisoners escaped from a jail. 3名囚犯越狱了。(柯林斯高级英语词典)
2.Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几名囚犯越狱了。(牛津高阶英语词典)
3.A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England. 一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。(柯林斯高级英语词典)
4.A security alert was issued after four men escaped from the prison. 4个罪犯越狱后,当局发出安全警报。(牛津英语搭配词典)