observe...as,buy...as结构中as短语作什么句子成分

下面句子中的 asagroup 作什么成分？

Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkey and then eating it.

下面句子中的 as a birthday present 作什么成分?

Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.

谢谢！

1. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.

其中的介词短语 as a group 用作定语，修饰 chimps；chimps as a group 的意思是“一群黑猩猩”，与 a group of chimps 同义。句意：事实上，她曾见到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。

2. Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.

句中的介词短语as a birthday present 可以有两种剖析：一是理解为定语，a dictionary as a birthday present 的意思是“作为过生日礼物的一本词典”；二是理解为方法状语，即以当作过生日礼物的方法买了一本词典。但我就个人来讲，便倾向于理解为定语。句意：她爸爸给她买了一本词典，作为过生日礼物。