Many ancient cultures built observatories from which to carry out celestial observations. 很多古时候文明都有建造天文台观测天象。
from which 在这里当什么词性? 若拿掉这两个字,对句意影响大吗?
Thanks a lot.
▲这个结构是wh型不定式关系分句。
▲不定式关系分句(infinitival relative clause)是非限定的关系分句(定语从句),与限定的关系分句相对应,分为两种:
一种由关系短语(即包括关系词的短语)引导,称为wh型不定式关系分句;
另一种不包括关系短语,称为非wh型不定式关系分句。
▲非wh型不定式关系分句,其实就是不定式分句充当后置修饰语,参见:http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-6236.html。
而wh型不定式关系分句有两个需要:
1.关系短语需要由介词+名词短语组成;
2.不可以包括主语。
▲依据引导的关系短语不同,wh型不定式关系分句可以分为几类:
介词+which:
• He has four weeks in which to lodge an appeal. 他有4个星期的时间提出上诉。
• We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialise. 大家保证你们会找到我们的交际圈。
• We will then have a firmer foundation of fact on which to build theories. 那样大家将会获得一个打造理论所需的更为结实的事实基础。
• Washington struck me as a precarious place from which to publish such a cerebral newspaper. 我的感觉是,在华盛顿出版如此一份理性的报纸不是太可靠。
介词+whom:
• She is the ideal person in whom to confide. 她是大家可以信任的理想人选。
• The employer has a lot of people from whom to select. 雇主可以在很多人中进行挑选。
• Filled with shame and hate, he had no one on whom to vent his feelings. 满肚子又羞又恨, 却没个发泄的对象。
• Is there a mentor or close friend with whom to share your challenges and vision? 可有一位良师益友或亲密的朋友来推荐你的挑战和梦想吗?
介词+whose+名词(相对罕见得多):
• The lawyer found a shareholder on whose behalf to act. 那个律师找到了一个可以让自己代表其来行动的股东。
▲wh型不定式关系分句通常可以补充主语转换为限定的关系分句。比如:
• He has four weeks in which he can lodge an appeal. 他有4个星期的时间提出上诉。
• She is the ideal person in whom we can confide. 她是大家可以信任的理想人选。
• The lawyer found a shareholder on whose behalf he can act. 那个律师找到了一个可以让自己代表其来行动的股东。
▲最后说你的句子。
在你的句子里,from which 在不定式关系分句中充当表示来源的地址状语,同时也是引导关系分句的关系短语。
同样,这句话也可以转换为限定的关系分句。
• Many ancient cultures built observatories from which people carried out celestial observations. 很多古时候文明都有建造天文台观测天象。
假如去掉 from which 的话,剩下的不定式分句有两种可能的功能:充当 observatories 的后置修饰语;充当主句的目的状语。
根据这两种剖析,不定式分句的逻辑主语可以是observatories,也可以是many ancient cultures。
但鉴于观测天象的是人,而非古时候文明或天文台,所以不适合去掉 from which。