1） 定义：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|----其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时目前
2） 使用方法
a.在told, said2, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said she had1 never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police4 arrived, the thieves5 had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect7, think, intend8, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能
We had hoped9 that you would10 come, but you didn't.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until11 , when, after, once, as12 soon as。
He said that he had learned13 some English before.
By the time he was14 twelve, Edison had began to make a living15 by himself16.
Tom was disappointed17 that most of the guests18 had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, leftB，were writing19, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left
答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意：had no when还没有等 就
had no sooner than刚 就
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold20 it.
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