1)It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.
(在不远的以后指望有更好的形势是不现实的。)
2)This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. (这个需要证明是不切实质且不可行的。)
3)You have unrealistic expectations. (你的期望不切实质。)
16.imitate v. 模仿
imitation n. 模仿
imitative adj. 模仿的;仿制的
1)Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. (很多作家模仿莎士比亚的语言。)
2)His handwriting is difficult to imitate. (他的笔迹非常难模仿。)
3)Children learn many things by imitation. (儿童通过模仿掌握很多东西。)
4)Acting is an imitative art. (表演是一种模仿性艺术。)
5)Monkeys are imitative (猴儿爱模仿。)
17.undermine vt. weaken (侵蚀基础;暗中破坏;渐渐损害)
1)Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.(多次紧急的感冒损害了老人的健康。)
2)Failures undermined her confidence. (一再的失败使她日渐丧失了信心。)
3)The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.(地下水侵蚀了这座房子的地基。)
18.jeopardize2 vt. threaten endanger (使处于危险境地;危及,损害)
1)He jeopardized3 his life to save the drowning child. (他冒着生命风险救护那个溺水儿童。)
2)He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.(他因为投资不当而危及我们的财产。)
3)I didn't want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend.(我不想损害我和新朋友的关系。)
19.interpret vt. 讲解;口译
interpretation4 n. 讲解;口译
interpreter n. 口译者
1)Literature helps to interpret life. (文学能够帮助说明生活的意义。)
2)His silence was interpreted as consent. (他的沉默被觉得是赞同。)
3)People often give different interpretations5 of the past. (大家总是对过去作出不一样的讲解。)
4)He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. (他正通过译员与外国客人交谈。)
20.monitor n. 监视器;监控器;监听员;班长v. 监听;监视;监控
1)The patient was connected to the monitor. (一台监控器连接到患者身上。)
2)He is the monitor of our class. (他是大家班班长。)
3)The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. (警察监听了疑犯的所有电话通话。)
4)Water flow will be monitored by computer. (水流将由计算机来监测。)
21.initiate6 vt. 开始;发起,倡议;接纳新成员
1)We should initiate direct talks with the trade unions.(大家应该与贸易联合会开始直接对话。)
2)They initiated7 a new program of reform. (他们开始推行一项新的改革策略。)
3)The club will initiate new members next week. (会所将在下周接纳新成员。)
22.restrict vt. 限制;约束
restricted adj. 受限制的;有限的
restriction8 n. 限制,约束
1)Women in China are no longer restricted to domestic labor9 now.(目前,中国妇女不再被束缚于家务劳动了。)
2)He was restricted in his movements. (他的行动受约束。)
3)This rule has a very restricted application (这条规则的适用范围极为有限。)
4)The government placed restrictions10 on sales of weapons. (政府对武器销售实行限制。)
23.depict11 vt. portray12 (描画,描述)
1)The painter tried to depict the splendour of the sunset.(画家试图描绘出日落的壮观秀丽景象。)
2)She went on to depict the confusion of departure (她继续描述离开时的混乱情景。)
24.imply v. 暗示,含有些意思
implied adj. 含蓄的
implication n. 含义
1)I don't imply that you are wrong. (我的意思不是说你错了。)
2)His silence implied consent. (他的缄默表示赞同。)
3)I don't understand the implied meaning of this sentence. (我不理解这句话的意思。)
4)The implication of his statement is that I was wrong. (他这话的意思是我错了。)
25.alternative n. 供选择的东西adj. 两者择一的;供选择的
1)He was given the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.(他得在上大学继续求学和开始工作之间作出选择。)
2)Is there any alternative to undergoing a surgical13 operation?(除外科手术外还有其它方法吗?)
3)You have no alternative but to stay here overnight. (你只好留宿一夜,别无他法。)
4)We should explore alternative possibilities in solving the problem.(大家应该探求各种供选择的可能性来解决这个问题。)
5)The alternative plans of having a picnic on taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma14.(去野餐或者去坐船旅游二者只能择一的计划使他们左右为难。)
本课介绍
愈加多的事实证明,暴力电视节目对儿童的成长有不好的影响,学龄前儿童受暴力电视节目的害处尤深,由于他们尚不完全拥有辩别事实与幻想的能力,对人类行为、道德冲突的内在动机也不理解。儿童常常把从电视中看到的行为用于现实生活之中。爸爸妈妈还应帮助儿童理解他们所看的电视节目,爸爸妈妈也要知道婴幼儿的老师对与战争和暴力有关连的电视节目及儿童玩具的态度,并与那些有共识的其他儿童的爸爸妈妈一同努力,寻求各种办法取代观看暴力电视节目。
本课语言点
1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
a quarter (of)四分之一,如:a quarter of a pound(四分之一磅);a quarter of a century(四分之一世纪);a quarter of a mile(四分之一英里);a quarter (of a dollar) (25美分);a quarter of a million(25万);a quarter (of an hour)(15分钟)。
that children's exposure to violence on television
that 引导的是一个同位语从句,这个同位语从句没直接跟在名词evidence的后面,而是被has been increasing隔开了。同位语有哪些用途是对它所说明的名词作进一步讲解,说明这个名词指的是哪个或什么。如:
1)I had no idea that he told us a lie. (我不了解他对大家说了谎言。)
2)You have to produce enough evidence that he is guilty.(你得拿出足够的证据了解明他有罪。)
3)There was little possibility that they would succeed. (他们成功的可能性极小。)
4)There can be no doubt that TV violence affects children. (毫无疑问,暴力电视节目对儿童有不好的影响。)
exposure to 暴露于,如:
1)The best part of the job was her constant exposure to books.(她这个工作的最大优点是能常常接触书本。)
have an effect on 对有用途(影响),如:
1)Constant rain had much effect on the harvest. (持续的降雨对收获有非常大的影响。)
2)The cement factory has much effect on the environment.(水泥厂对环境的影响非常大。)
3)His persuasion15 had little effect on her.(他的劝说对她没什么用途。)
2.the amount of television time allocated16 each week to violent programs increased significantly.
the number of violent acts on televisionhas increased。
上面两个句子中分别用了amount和number两个词。amount用来修饰从体积,重量,金额等方面着眼的东西,一般在of后接用不可数名词;而number则用以修饰可数的人或物。在第一个句子中,amount of后面用的是不可数名词time,第二个句子中number of后面用的是可数名词acts.再请看例句:
1)A large amount of money has been spent on this project.(一大笔钱已经花在了这个工程上。)
2)The amount of work assigned to him was formidable.(分配给他做的工作量很大。)
3)The number of students of the university has been increasing. (这所大学的学生人数在增加。)
4)The number of tourists to that place is limited.(去那个地方旅游的人数有限。)
请注意不同act和action这两个名词。①这两个名词都表示行为,行动的意思,常可互换用。act强调行为的结果,而不涉及行为的动机与性质,常是即兴,瞬间的举动;action偏重于动作的方法和过程。②act行为的发出者可以是人也可以是物;action只不过物。③在须用不可数名词表示总的定义时,多用action,而一般不需要act.如:
1)The time has come for action/act.(采取行动的时间了。)
2)The thoughtless young man did another foolish act.(那个鲁莽的青年又做了件傻事。)
3)Every sudden emotion quickens the action of the heart.(每件突如其来的让人激动的事情都能加快心跳。)
4)Actions speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)