说说My flat is twice bigger than yours这个句子
■倪肖丁(西安)
《语法无敌全答》(外文出版社2014第一版)有如此一个例句:
My flat is twice bigger than yours. 我的公寓比你的大两倍。
这个例句存在两个问题。
第一,倍数比较级使用方法不当。用twice(还有half)表示倍数进行比较时,应该用as …as或twice the...结构,而不是more than结构,这是英文的习惯使用方法。有的英文词典直接把twice as much/many和twice as作为句式结构列出。
CGOEL明确告诫:Twiceis used withas many asoras much asrather thanmore.
PEU则有专门提醒。比如可以说:
She's twice as lively as her sister.
但不说*She's twice livelier than her sister.
可以说:
I ’m not going out with a man who’s twice as old as me.
但不说*I’m not going out with a man who’s twice older than me.
所以,《语法无敌全答》的例句本身就不符合英语习惯使用方法。其中的twice bigger than应该改为twice as big as,或者全句改成My flat is twice the size of yours。
遗憾的是像twice bigger这种不符合英语惯使用方法的例句在国内英语语法和教参中数见不鲜。比如《高中英语语法全解》(安徽科技出版社2016第八次印刷)有例句I’m twice older than you;《常考英语语法手册》(石油工业出版社,2008)有例句This room is twice larger than that one;《高中英语语法表解大全》(中央编译出版社2008第3版)有The road is twice longer than that one,等等。
第二,对倍数比较句式的意思理解有误。国内基础英语语法和教参中这种理解错误非常容易见到,即便专业性非常强的辞书中也同样存在。比如,葛传槼先生的《英语惯使用方法词典》在time词条中指出:Your house is three times as large as mine和Your house is three times larger than mine两句意思不同:前者意为“你的房屋是我的房屋的三倍大小”,后者意为“你的房屋比我的房屋大三倍[就是我的房屋的四倍大小]”。
但事实上,无论是N times more…than还是N times as…as,意思都一样,按汉语的表达习惯,都是“ N倍那样大(多、长)”,或者 “比…大(多、长)N-1倍”。
对此,英文权威词典和语法著述都有明确的结论。
Chambers Essential English Dictionary(1995)在概念times 时说:One thing is a certain number of times greater than, or as great as, another if it is equal to the other multiplied by that number(假如说A is N times greater或as great as B,那样A=B N)。
CGOEL指出: Countas many asand noncountas much asare equivalent tomore thanwhen they are premodified by a times-phrase(前有倍数短语修饰时,as many/much as与more...than相等)。比如:
Five times as many people came to the demonstration aslast time。
= Five times more people came to the demonstration thanlast time.
Swan的PEU和国内章振邦《新编英语语法》系列也有有关的、更为详细的讲解。而且,他们的看法在英语的实质中也能得到证实。比如,英文版《大英百科全书》在介绍澳大利亚昆士兰州时写道:The state is more than twice the size of the U.S. state of Texas and seven times larger than the United Kingdom.
大家了解,Queensland面积是172.72万平方公里,United Kingdom面积是24.41万平方公里。也就是说,前者是后者的7倍多(而不是8倍多)。这表明seven times larger than=seven times as large as。
由此可知,《语法无敌全答》上的My flat is twice bigger than yours一句,即便不考虑其语法缺点,其真实含义也只能是“我的公寓=你的公寓2”。所以,在纠正英文的同时,汉译也应改为“我的公寓是你的两倍大”,或“我的公寓比你的大一倍”。
完整内容请查询:https://www.cpsenglish.com/article/135