Lesson 53
evolve
渐渐形成，进步
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the inpidual citizen
瑞典已渐渐开成了一种健全的规范，保护公民不受专横、
from high handed or incompetent public officers.
不称职的政府官员的欺压。
It is believed that mankind evolved from the apes.
有人觉得人是从类人猿演化而来的。
The factory evolved a new financial system.
工厂形成了一种一套新的财政规范。
high|handed
高压的，专横的
We have got used to his high|handed way.
大家已经习惯了他那套高压作风。
It was rather high|handed of him to take that decision without consulting others first.
他太专横，没和大伙商量就做出了 那个决定。
incompetent
不够格的，不称职的
Not that he is incompetent,but that he lacks experience.
他并非不称职，只不过缺少经验。
He dismissed all the incompetent managers
他接掌企业的第一件事就是
the first thing after he took over the company.
把所有些不称职的管理职员一律解雇。
over|zealously
过分热情的
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,
瑞典人第一意识到公务员，如文职职员、
police officers,or tax|collectors can make mistakes
警官，卫生稽查员、税务官等等也会犯了错误误，
or act over|zealously in the belief they are serving the public.
或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做了头。
The very fact that he acted over|zealously to find the thief,
他过分热心地张罗着抓贼反而暴露了他，
which was quite unlike his usuas self,betrayed him.
由于太不像他平常的为人了。
Reba means well;she just tends to act a little over|zealously.
瑞芭是好意，只是有时好心过了头。
safeguard
保护
As long ago 1869,the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme
早在1869年，瑞典议会就打造了
to safeguard the interest of the inpidual.
一个保护公民利益的规范。
The first duty of a government is to safeguard its people against external aggression.
政府地最重要责任昌保护人民不受外来侵略。
Must not the safety of society be safeguarded by some punishment?
为了保证社会的安宁，难道无需有一种刑罚吗？
parliamentary
国会的
The country does not have a parliamentary political system.
那个国家没一种议会政治规范。
This is in keeping with the parliamentary procedure.
这是符合国会程序的。
qualified
合格的，称职的
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，
appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances.
由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人建议。
The post requires qualified office personnel.
这个称职需要称职的公务职员。
It is up to chairman to decide whether he is qualified to serve in the board.
他是不是有资格进入委员会得由主席决定。
grievance
不平，冤屈
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，
appionts who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances.
由它委派一位称职的人选为门调查个人建议。
He had alternately whined about his grievances.
他哼哼唧唧地诉说他受的委屈。
Maggie had kept silent about her grievance.
麦琪对她的冤屈一直维持沉默。
Justiteombudsman
（瑞典的）司法特派员
The official title of the person is Justiteombudsman,
这个人的官衔是司法特派员
but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J O'or 'Ombudsman'.
但瑞典人一般都管他叫J。O即特派员。
ombuduman
司法特派员
secretive
保密的
There is nothing secretive about the Ombudman's work,
司法特派员的工作没任何秘密可言，
for his correspondnce is open to public inspection.
他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。
Some firms were secretive,
有的企业守旧秘密，
to a point that they do not even inform their joint venture partner of the exact location.
准确地址连合伙人都没告诉。
correspondence
来往信件
We have a heavy correspondence to deal with.
大家有不少信件需要处置。
The dramatist got his correspondence published.
剧作家把他的通信出版了。
alter
改变
He may gently reprimand an official
他可以温各地批评某位官员，
or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
甚至可以向议会建议修改某项法律。
Processing and storage may alter plant vitamin content.
加工和贮藏会改变作物中维生素的含量。
The order of the earlier chapters were altered.
前几章的次序被更动了。
accusation
谴责，指控，指责
There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified
记录中没任何文字记载证明外国人反映的状况属实
and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
警察局长对这一指控也失口不承认。
How do you answer the accusation that your policies have caused high unemployment?
你们的政府导致了高失业率，对这个指责你们怎么样回话？
Christabel joked she would make an accusation against the baker
克里斯塔贝尔开玩笑说她要对面点师提出指控，
who made far too delicious muffins for her figure.
他做的松饼太美味了，对她维持体形不利。
ascertain
查出、查明
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman
律师查明的确有个警察
had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
多次粗鲁地对待外国人。
The previously unidentified object has now been definitely ascertained as satellites.
先前的不明飞行物目前已经查明了是卫星。
prejudiced
有偏见的，不公平的
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners
官方档案不可能记载警察
could not be recorded in the official files.
歧视外国人的事。
Don't ask him;he is prejudiced.
别问他，他有成见。
prompt
准时的，即时的
The Ombusman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice
司法特派员准时采取行动，飞速制止了这一不愉快的事件，
which might have gone unnoticed.
不然非常可能就不了了之了。
prompt actionis necessary.
应该立刻采取行动。
The response was both prompt and starling.
回话飞速而又使人惊讶。
Lesson 54
Lesson 54
insect
昆虫
We have been brought up to fear insects.
大家自幼惧怕昆虫。
Insects buzzled all around,and the sound of wild animals could Be heard at a distance.
小虫在四周鸣叫，远处传来野兽的叫声。
Ants are another group of insects and have powerful chemical defenses.
蚂蚁是另一群拥有强大的自卫性化学武器的社会昆虫。
wage
进行（斗争）
We continually wage war on them,for they contaminate our food,
人类不断地同昆虫斗争，由于他们污染食物
arry diseases,or devour our crops.
传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。
The new government has pledged itself to wage a war against poverty and disease.
新的政府发誓拓展一场消灭贫困和疾病的斗争。
contaminate
弄脏，污染
Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.
大片区域都被核反应堆的泄漏物污染了。
The drinking water was contaminated by the gasoline.
饮用水被汽油污染了。
provocation
挑衅，激怒
They sting or bite without provocation;
它们的无缘无故地对人又叮又咬；夏季，到了晚上，
they fly uninvited our rooms on summer nights,or beat against our lighted windows.
还自说自话地飞到大家的房间里，或才者对着亮灯的窗户乱扑乱撞。
He has a short temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.
他是个急脾气，一触即跳。
It is true that the wolf bit her,
狼是咬了她，
but it was acting under severe provocation she was hurting its babies.
但它是遭到紧急挑衅的状况下咬的，哪个叫她伤害小狗呢。
spider
蜘蛛
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps,
大家在日常不但憎恶蜘蛛，蜜蜂之类叫人讨厌的昆虫，
but of quite harmless ones like months.
而且憎恶飞蛾这种无害的昆虫。
Insects,the main diet of most spiders,usually are captured in silken webs.
昆虫是蜘蛛的主要食物，一般用丝网捕虫。
The jumping spider and the wolf spider chase and pounce upon their prey
跳蛛和狼蛛潜近猎物并且猛扑过去
while the crab spider awaits its prey in flowers.
蟹蛛则在花丛中等候猎物
wasp
黄蜂
Adult wasps feed primarily on nectar,
黄蜂成虫以花蜜为食，
but their larvae feed on insects provided by the female parent.
但幼虫以母体提供的昆虫为食。
There are more than 20000 known species of wasps,
已知的黄峰有20000种，
the vast majority of which are solitary in habit.
绝大多数为独栖。
moth
飞蛾
Moths are night|flying insects which are attracted by light.
飞蛾是在夜间活动的昆虫，常扑向灯光。
Like those of butterflies,the wings,bodies,and legs of moths
飞蛾与蝴蝶一样，翅、体、足
are covered with dustlike scales.
均附有触即落的粉末状鳞片。
ant
蚂蚁
Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society
即便了解勤奋的蚂蚁生活在具备高度组织性的社会里，
does nothing to prevent as from being filled with revulsion
每次看到大群蚂蚁在大家精心筹备的午间野餐上
when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
爬行时，大家仍然没办法抑制对它们的反感。
There are generally there castes of ants.queens,males and workers.
蚂蚁分为蚁后，雄蚁、工蚁三级。
The social behaviour of the ants,along with that of the honeybees.
蚂蚁和蜜蜂的社会性行为
is the most complex in the insect world.
在昆虫中是最复杂的。
revulsion
厌恶
He had a revulsion against his neighbor.
他对邻居很反感。
The violent scenes filled the audience with revulsion.
这类暴力的场面使观众非常反感。
horde
群
Hordes of children are running around the spring.
大群大群的孩子绕着喷泉奔跑。
Hordes of bees gather in the rose bush.
一群群的蜜蜂在玫瑰丛中聚集。
uncanny
神秘的，不可思议的
No mater how much we like honey,
不管大家多么爱吃蜂蜜，
or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess,
或者读过多少关于蜜蜂具备神奇的辨别方向能力的书，
we have a horror of being stung.
大家仍然害怕被蜂蛰。
A friend of mine has an uncanny psychological discernment.
我有个朋友对人的心理有不可思议的洞察力。
erase
抹，抹去
Most of our fears are unreasonable,but they are impossible to erase.
大家的恐惧大多数是没道理的，但却没办法消除。
Nothing can erase from her mind the memory of the war.
没什么东西可以把战争从她的记忆里抹去。
praying mantis
螳螂
We enjoy reading about them,especially when we find that,
大家喜欢读写昆虫的书，尤其是在获悉它们
like the praying mantis,they lead perfectly horrible lives.
譬如螳螂的生活极其恐怖之后更是这样。
The female praying mantis often eats the male after they mate.
雌螳螂在与雄螳螂交尾后，常常吃掉他们。
entranced
出神的
We enjoy staring at them,entranced as they go about their business,
大家喜欢盯着它们，出神地看它们自顾自地忙碌，
unaware(we hope) of our presence.
对大家的存在（但愿吧）一无所知。
George sat entranced with his own picture.
乔治盯着我们的画出神。
The children watched entranced as the circus animals performed.
马戏团的动物表演时，孩子们都看得出神。
beetle
甲虫
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly,
看到蜘蛛扑向苍蝇，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫
or a column on ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?
凯旋面归的时候，哪个能不感到敬畏呢？
This beetle eats mainly the germ of the grain.
这种甲虫要吃谷物的胚芽。
sheltered
伤不着的，无危险的
The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house.
那棵树是靠着房屋有遮挡的一堵暖墙长的。
She has been living a sheltered life.
她一直是被呵护着长大的。
Commander,did you make it a practice,during attacks,
少校，在发动进攻的时候，
to station yourself on the side of the bridge what was sheltered?
你是否习惯站在舰桥上安全的一边？
luscious
甘美的
I am especially proud of it,not only because it has survived several severe,
我特别为这棵树感到自豪，不只由于它熬过了好几个严冬，
but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.
还由于它不时能结出些甘甜的桃子。
Tropical zones breed luscious fruits.
热带区域出产甘美的水果。
The clover sprang up green and luscious.
芬芳的三叶草冒出了地面。
aphid
蚜虫
Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜是的小虫子。
The reproduction rate of the aphid is influenced by nutrition.
蚜虫的繁殖率遭到营养的影响。
underside
底面。下侧
Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜是的小虫子。
The underside of the rock was covered with seaweed.
岩石下面布满了海藻。
colony
一群
They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
它们遭到了一大群蚂蚁的攻击，由于蚂蚁要从它们身上采集蜜露。
A colony of termites invaded the new building.
一群白蚁侵袭了新大楼。
A colony of artists come to live in the area.
一群艺术家来这个区域居住。
sticky
黏的
I bound the base of the tree with a sticky tape,
我把一条黏性在的胶带缠在树的根部，
making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids.
不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。
The paint is still sticky.
油漆还是黏的。
Kurt's fingers are sticky with jam.
科特的手指上粘满了果酱。
scurry
急匆匆地跑，奔忙
For a long time,I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.
在非常长一段时间里，我看着蚂蚁绕着树团团乱转，不知所措。
The bell rang and the students scruried away.
铃响了，学生们急匆匆地跑开了。
The mouse scurried into its hole when the cat appeared.
猫一露头，老鼠就急忙钻进洞里。
swarm
聚集
I even went out at midnight with a torch
半夜，我还拿着手电筒来到花园里，
and noted with satisfaction (and surprise)
认可地（同时惊奇地）发现
that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape
那些蚂蚁还是
without being able to do anything about it.
一筹莫展地围着胶带打转。
The petitioners were swarming around the information desk.
请愿者围在咨询台周围。
The city is swarmed with tourists.
这座城市游客云集。
ingenuity
机灵，机巧
I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.
我懊丧地感到自己败给了这类机灵的蚂蚁。
The old lady and gentleman were taken in by her cordial ingenuity.
老先生和老夫人被她的乖巧骗住了。
It took quite a little ingenuity to live on nothing.
一文不名地过日子着实需要素机巧。
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