在英语学习中,语法一直被视为构建语言基石的重要元素之一。英语四级考试更是需要考生们在语法运用上展示出熟练和准确的能力。新东方在线英语四级频道为大伙带来“2024上半年英语四级语法使用方法辨析:介词for使用方法大全”,欢迎参考。
2024上半年英语四级语法使用方法辨析:介词for使用方法大全
使用方法1:为了。如:
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did you do that for? 你干吗如此做?
Thats what were here for. 这正是大家来的目的。
Whats she gone for this time? 她这次去做什么去了?
He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。
在一般情况下,英语不需要 for doing sth 来表示目的。如:
他去那儿看他叔叔。
误:He went there for seeing his uncle.
正:He went there to see his uncle.
但,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与 for 连用表目的。如:
He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。
注意:若不是表目的,而是表缘由、作用与功效等,则其后可接动名词。
使用方法2:为,为了。如:
What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?
We study hard for our motherland. 大家为祖国好好学习。
Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西怎么样?
Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。
有的后接双宾语的动词,当双宾语易位时,一般用 for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如:
She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。
He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为大家煮了些土豆。
注意,类似下面如此的句子需要用 for:
He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。
注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 for:
他们决定在电视上为他们的新品打广告。
误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.
正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV.
注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为探寻某物而打广告。如:advertise for a job=登广告求职。因为受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词 for。类似地,汉语中的“为人民服务”,说成英语是 serve the people,而不是 serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是 avenge sbs death,而不是 avenge for sbs death,等等。
使用方法3:用于,用来。如:
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
Its a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。
The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 大夫给了她一些感冒药。
使用方法4:为得到,为拿到,为获得。如:
He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。
He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。
She often asked her parents for money. 她常常向爸爸妈妈要钱。
We all hope for success. 大家都盼望成功。
Are you coming in for some tea? 你需不需要进去喝点茶?
使用方法5:给,供用。如:
Thats for you. 这是给你的。
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗?
[page]使用方法6:由于,因为。如:
I am sorry for it. 对不起。
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
You cant see the wood for the trees. 你只见树木,不见森林。
He is famous for his poems. 他由于他的诗出名。
He was sent to prison for robbery. 他由于打劫而坐牢。
I couldnt speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。
He couldnt sleep for joy. 他开心得不可以入睡。
For several reasons, Id rather not meet her. 因为种种缘由,我宁可不见她。
有的表缘由的特殊结构不适合用介词 for 来引出,而用其他介词。如:
他因为努力工作而加了薪资。
误:For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
正:As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
注:as a [the] result of 是习语,意为“因为……的结果”。
由于妈妈不在家,她只好自己做饭。
误:For Mother away, she had to cook the meal herself.
正:With Mother away, she had to cook the meal herself.
注:“with+宾语+宾语补足语”可用来表示缘由,此时的 with 不可以换成 for。类似地,下例中的 with 也不可以换成 for:
With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做,我不知是不是有空闲出去。
大家祝贺你的成功。
误:We congratulate you for your success.
正:We congratulate you on your success.
注:congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示缘由。
使用方法7:去。如:
Is this bus for Chicago? 这辆公共汽车开往芝加哥吗?
Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
They set off for the shops. 他们购物去了。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?
Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客需要在北京换车。
比较 for 与 to,两者均可表示目的地,注意以下不同:
for 一般与 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用,而 to 则一般与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如:
We departed for London at 10 am. 大家上午10点动身去伦敦。
Then we drove to the station. 然后大家就开车去了车站。
有时,同一个动词两者均可连用,但含义稍有差别:用 for 一般只表示向着某目的地那个方向,并不强调到达的意思;而 to 含有到达某目的地的意思。如:
They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往广州。
They sailed to Shanghai. 他们开船驶至广州。
若与名词连用,也有类似不同。如:
There will be a train for Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。
There will be a train to Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。
顺便说一句,也有些辞书持几乎相反的看法,觉得 for 与 to 表示目的地时,for 表示的是预定目的地,而to 表示的是假设将会到达的目的地。
使用方法8:达,计。如:
Im going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。
Ive been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。
He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。
The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50USD的账单。
for 用于表示时间或距离的长度时,有时可省略。如:
The meeting lasted three days. 会议持续了3天。
They walked fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。
但当 for 短语坐落于句首或在否定句中时, for 一般不适合省去。如:
For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。
We have not heard from him for a long time. 大家很长时间没收到他的来信了。
使用方法9:对,对于。如:
Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的双眼不好。
Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我非常走运,火车也晚点了。
关于 for 与 to 表示“对……来讲”时有什么区别,参见 to。
使用方法10:适于,合适。如:
Do you have any books for children? 你有合适孩子子看的书吗?
He is the very person for the work. 他是比较适合做这工作的人。
Its a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。
She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬季穿的衣服。
[page]使用方法11:换,以……作交换。如:
He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。
She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50USD买这条裙子。
I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。
Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。
使用方法12:作为,当作。如:
Dont take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。
He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误觉得是蛇。
He knew that for a fact. 他了解那是事实。
The missing persons were given up for dead. 大伙都觉得那些失踪的人已去世了。
用于此义时,有时等于 as, to be, as being,但应该注意不同句型的搭配习惯。如:
I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。
It was built for [as] a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。
比较:
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为赞同。
Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合作伙伴怎么样?
按传统语法,take…for… 一般指误觉得是……,而 take…as [to be] 则主要指正确地觉得是……。但在现代英语中,有时并未完全遵守此规则。
但与 mistake 连用的则一般是 for 而不是 as。如:
We mistook the house for a hotel. 大家把那房屋误以为旅馆。
使用方法13:支持,赞成。如:
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
Im all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成青年多玩玩。
使用方法14:就……来讲,以……而言,作为。如:
Hes done well for a beginner. 作为小白,他干得非常不错。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小孩子而言,他的身体算重的了。
She was short for her age. 就她的年龄来讲,个子是矮了点。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里如此的日子算是凉快的了。
使用方法15:每……就……。如:
Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要种三棵树。
He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敌人与朋友之比为一比一百。
For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每5个人及格,就有2个不及格。
For every mistake you make, youll lose half a mark. 你每犯一个错误,就要扣去半分。
用于此义时,一般与 each, every 或数词连用。
使用方法16:代表,代替,代理。如:
Whats the English for “中国”? 英语里“中国”如何说?
Whats the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C表示什么意思?
Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。
Let me do it for you. 让我替你做吧。
The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。
使用方法17:在,于。如:
The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。
Weve invited our guests for 7 oclock. 大家已邀请大家的客人7点钟来。
Weve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 大家的假期安排在7月份的第二个星期。
The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于5月十日举行。
用于此义时,for 主要指安排或约定的时间,所以像下面两例中的介词 at,in 就不可以换成 for。如:
He gets up at six every day. 他天天6点钟起床。
He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。
使用方法18:尽管,虽然。如:
For all his money, hes a very lonely man. 他虽然富有,可是很寂寞。
For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 尽管他做了不少努力,却仍然没成功。
I love you, for all your shortcomings. 尽管你有不少缺点,但我仍然爱你。
用于此义时,一般与 all 连用。
使用方法19:。如:
It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。
All I want is for us to be together. 我期望的只不过大家能在一块。
Is there any need for me to go? 我是否有必要去?
He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他说得太快,她跟不上。
It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 孩子子自己过马路非常危险。
For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座桥像那样倒塌是不可想像的。
下面两句同义,但以第一句为一般。如:
老人快跑是危险的。
正:It is dangerous for an old man to run fast.
正:For an old man to run fast is dangerous.
有时可表目的。如:
Ive sent my coat away for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。
For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 为了增加销售量,大家需要减少价格。
有时用于 than 后引出不定式的逻辑主语。如:
Theres nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 没什么比虐待孩子更恶劣的了。
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