can和be able to表能力,He can watch TV now. He can watch TV tomorrow.前一句可以用be able to的目前一般时替换,后一句可以用目前以后一般时替换. 这个非常不错理解. 那样问题来了,must和be sure to表一定的推断时,He must know the truth now. He must come my party tomorrow.学生觉得第一句没办法用be sure to do来替换,第二句应该用be sure to do的目前一般时替换,而不是目前以后一般时,请问老师觉得这两句怎么样替换? 另外,常常遇见系表+to do结构,请问这里的不定式除去做状语(I am glad to go to shanghai)和定语(This is a hard book to read)还能干什么成份?重点说明这种结构中不定式的时间性?可以举例说明be willing to do,be ready to do,be likely to do中不定式作何种成份及其时间性.........对老师的耐心解答学生在此表示再三感谢!!!
★网友说的意思是:部分情态动词可以跟“be + 形容词 + do sth.” 结构转换。网友说的这两句,都可以转换为be sure to do 结构:
He must know the truth now. = He is sure to know the truth now.
He must come to my party tomorrow. = He is sure to come to my party tomorrow.
be sure to do 结构,不定式可以表以后,也可以表目前,那要看语境是什么。比如:
John is sure to know about it; he has a finger in every pie. (目前)
这事约翰肯定了解,任何事他都插一手。
Lets go through that again until youre sure to know it. (以后)
咱们再来一遍,直到你一定熟知为止。
★“be + 形容词 + do sth.”结构,叫做“合成谓语”结构,这种结构总是表示“判断、趋向、能愿”等定义。你的句子就是这些。
1、“判断类”的形容词,如:sure, certain, likely等,之后接不定式。表示说话人(不是句子的主语)对句子主语做某事的可能性判断:肯定做某事,一定做某事,可能做某事等。这种句子最好不要细分,把“be + 形容词 + to do” 当作一个整体看待。比如:
This weekend is certain to be enjoyable. 这个周末肯定非常有意思。
She is sure to pass the examination. 她必然会通过考试。
His health is likely to get worse. 他的健康或许会恶化。
2、“趋向类”的形容词,如:ready, apt, anxious, eager, curious等,之后接不定式。表示主语有做某事的倾向,或迫切做某事等定义。比如:
The potatoes are ready to be dug up. 快要收成土豆了。
He is apt to get excited over trifles. 他容易为小事而激动。
These little children are eager to learn how to play the piano. 这类孩子子急于学弹钢琴。
3、“能愿类”的形容词,如:able, unable, willing, unwilling等,表示主语能否、愿否做某事。比如:
I am not really willing to spend an evening there. 我其实不愿在那儿消磨一夜晚。
Are you able to sit through the play? 你能耐着性子看完戏吗?
这种结构,形容词与不定式构成“合成谓语”,不要拆开细分。
★ 关于不定式作状语,及其与谓语动词的时间先后问题。以前解说过多次,简述如下:
1. I am delighted to receive your email. (缘由状语)
收到你的邮件我非常高兴。
缘由状语势必早于结果。口语中,多用不定式一般体代替完成体:I am delighted to receive your email. = I am delighted to have received your email.
2. He is too excited to say anything. (结果状语)
他激动得说不出话来。
结果状语不可能早于谓语动词,用一般体即可。
3. You will be sorry to do it. (条件状语)
条件状语表示假设,是将来的事情,用一般体即可。