A large number of Englishmen started roaring and eating food off the floor.
译文:很多英国人开始咆哮,并捡地上的东西吃。
on 着重于“存在”,表示静态的“存在于...之上”, eat the food on the floor等于eat the food which is on the floor(在吃地上的食物),on the floor作定语。off着重于“离别”,表示动态的“消失于...”,eat the food off the floor等于pick the food off the floor and eat it,off the floor作状语。但译成汉语意思差不多,都可以是“捡地上的食物吃”。又比如,既可说He wiped the rest of the blood on his face,也可以说He wiped the rest of blood off his face,意思并无实质性差别,但这不意味着off具备on的意思。从这几个句子可以看出,它们都表示某物从某处消失或离别。此时用off...或on...都可能,不同不大。但Put your bag on the desk一定不可以把用其中的on换成off,由于put...on...不具备消失或离别之意。需要具体状况具体剖析。