Why is Santa characterized as a short, fat and jolly pipe smoker1?
Why does Santa wear such outlandish clothes?
Why does he ride around in a sleigh? Pulled by reindeer2? That lands on roofTOPs? So he can climb down the chimney? With a big sack full of toys? Which he leaves under the tree for good girls and boys?
According to the Encyclopedia3 Britannica, Santa Claus started with a real person, Saint Nicholas, a minor4 saint from the fourth century:
According to tradition, he was born in the ancient Lycian seaport5 city of Patara, and, when young, he traveled to Palestine and Egypt. He became bishop6 of Myra soon after returning to Lycia. He was imprisoned7 during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution8 of Christians9 but was released under the rule of Emperor Constantine the Great and attended the first Council of Nicaea. After his death he was buried in his church at Myra, and by the sixth century his shrine10 there had become well known. In 1087, Italian sailors or merchants stole his alleged11 remains12 from Myra and took them to Bari, Italy; this removal greatly increased the saint's popularity in Europe, and Bari became one of the most crowded of all pilgrimage centres. Nicholas' relics13 remain enshrined in the 11th-century basilica of San Nicola, Bari.
Nicholas' reputation for generosity14 and kindness gave rise to legends of miracles he performed for the poor and unhappy. He was reputed to have given marriage dowries of gold to three girls whom poverty would otherwise have forced into lives of prostitution, and he restored to life three children who had been chopped up by a butcher and put in a brine tub. In the Middle Ages, devotion to Nicholas extended to all parts of Europe. He became the patron saint of Russia and Greece; of charitable fraternities and guilds15; of children, sailors, unmarried girls, merchants, and pawnbrokers16; and of such cities as Fribourg, Switz., and Moscow. Thousands of European churches were dedicated17 to him, one as early as the sixth century, built by the Roman emperor Justinian I, at Constantinople . Nicholas' miracles were a favourite subject for medieval artists and liturgical18 plays, and his traditional feast day was the occasion for the ceremonies of the Boy Bishop, a widespread European custom in which a boy was elected bishop and reigned19 until Holy Innocents' Day .
After the Reformation, Nicholas' cult20 disappeared in all the Protestant countries of Europe except Holland, where his legend persisted as Sinterklaas . Dutch colonists22 took this tradition with them to New Amsterdam in the American colonies in the 17th century. Sinterklaas was adopted by the country's English-speaking majority under the name Santa Claus, and his legend of a kindly23 old man was united with old Nordic folktales of a magician who punished naughty children and rewarded good children with presents.
It is amazing but true that the common, popular view of Santa that we all have today, along with all the crazy things around Santa like the sleigh, the reindeer and the chimney, all came largely from two publishing events that occurred in the 1800s and one advertising25 campaign in this century. Clement26 Moore wrote The Night Before Christmas in 1822 for his family. It was picked up by a newspaper, then reprinted in magazines and it spread like wildfire. Moore admitted authorship in 1838. If you read the poem you will find that he names the reindeer, invents the sleigh, comes up with the chimney and the bag of toys, etc. Nearly everyone in America has been able to recognize or recite this poem since the 1830s.
Then, between 1863 and 1886, Harper's Weekly ran a series of engravings by Thomas Nast. From these images come the concepts of Santa's workshop, Santa reading letters, Santa checking his list and so on. Coca-Cola also played a role in the Santa image by running a set of paintings by Haddon Sundblom in its ads between 1931 to 1964.
The red and white suit came, actually, from the original Saint Nicholas. Those colors were the colors of the traditional bishop's
译文:圣诞节老人，何许人也？ 原文:Who is this Santa Claus person?
圣诞节老人，何许人也？
* 矮矮、胖胖、乐呵呵地抽着烟斗，圣诞节老人为什么是这样一副尊容呢？
* 圣诞节老人的古怪装束所为什么意？
* 为什么圣诞节老人一直驾着驯鹿拉的雪橇，降落在乖孩子家的房顶上，扛着满袋子的玩具，偏要顺着烟囱爬进来，还要把玩具放在圣诞节树的下面？
据《大英百科全书》所载，圣诞节老人其实确有其人，名为圣.尼古拉斯，是公元四世纪时的一位圣徒：
传闻圣.尼古拉斯生于古利西亚海港城市帕塔拉，年轻时曾游历巴勒斯坦和埃及。返回利西亚不久即成为米拉城主教。在罗马帝国皇帝戴克里先对基督徒的迫害中他不幸入狱，但随后即在康斯坦丁大帝时期获释并参加了首次尼西亚会议。圣.尼古拉斯死后葬于其在米拉的教堂，到公元6世纪时，此处已成为远近驰名的圣地。 1087年，一些意大利水手或商人将所谓的尼古拉斯的遗物从米拉偷运回意大利的巴里。由此圣.尼古拉斯的名声响彻欧洲，巴里也成为朝圣者最为聚集的中心之一。他的遗物后来被珍藏于巴里的圣.尼古拉斯教堂。尼古拉斯为人仁慈、慷慨大方、乐于助人，因此演化出很多关于他帮助穷苦大家的神话故事。最有名的一则是，他曾送给三个因穷困而将要走向堕落的女生金子作为嫁妆，从而使他们免去了鱼肉之苦。中世纪时期，对尼古拉斯的朝奉已传遍整个欧洲。他成了俄国人及希腊人的守护神；成了慈善的兄弟会和同业公会，儿童、水手、未婚女子、商人及典当掌柜的守护神；成了像瑞士的夫里堡与莫斯科这类大城市的守护神。欧洲涌现了成千上万座的圣.尼古拉斯教堂，其中之一更是由东罗马帝国皇帝查士丁尼一世早在公元6世纪，在君士坦丁堡（目前的伊斯坦布尔）修建的。尼古拉斯的圣迹成为中世纪艺术家们与教堂礼拜演出的最佳选择题目，他的传统斋日，也为男生主教的庆典提供了场所，这1日，大家选出一个男生作为主教，并使其行使主教之职直到12月28日婴儿殉教日的到来。
宗教改革之后，欧洲新教国家已经不再存在对尼古拉斯的崇拜，唯独在荷兰，关于他的故事以Sinterklaas（圣.尼古拉斯的荷兰语变体说法）的方法流传下来。荷兰殖民者于17世纪将此传统带到了其美洲殖民地新阿姆斯特丹（即目前的纽约）。Sinterklaas的叫法也被演化为Santa Claus（圣诞节老人），从而被当地多数讲英语的大家同意，大家将这位慈眉善目的老公公的故事与北欧民间故事中专门惩罚调皮捣蛋，却给乖孩子送礼物物的魔术师的故事加以揉合，便有了圣诞节老人的形象。
（《大英百科全书1997》 1997年CD版 大英帝国 圣.尼古拉斯）
大家今天对圣诞节老人所持有些公共而又时尚的看法，与圣诞节老人身边那些让人着迷的东西，像雪橇啊、驯鹿啊、还有烟囱之类的，绝大多数都来自于19世纪出版界的两个事件，与本世纪广告业的运动。这听起来很难置信，但却是事实。1822年克莱门特.摩尔给我们的家庭写了一首叫做《圣诞节前夜》的诗，一家报纸将它发表，随后再版于杂志，接着便像野火般飞速流传开来。摩尔于1838年承认了自己作家的身份。假如你读过这首诗，你就会发现，是摩尔给驯鹿起的名字，是摩尔创造的雪橇，烟囱与大包的玩具等等也都是摩尔的杜撰。从19世界30年代起，几乎所有些美国人都认得，甚至会背这首诗。
随后在1863至1886年间，《哈伯周刊》（当时的一份时尚杂志）刊载了一系列由漫画家托马斯.纳斯特创作的版画。从这类画中诞生了圣诞节老人的工场、圣诞节老人读信、圣诞节老人检查礼品单等定义。，1931年至1964年，可口可乐公司发行了一系列由哈顿.桑德布罗姆（Haddon Sundblom）创作的以圣诞节老人为主题的广告画，这在塑造圣诞节老人形象上也起到了肯定用途。
红白相衬的衣服，事实上源自圣.尼古拉斯。这两种颜色正是传统的主教长袍上的颜色。
